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News & Reviews Article
| Title |
Calcium Supplements in the Reef Aquarium |
| Author |
Ralph Cabage
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| Last Updated |
2014-12-13
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| Abstract |
One of the most important aspects of proper reef care is calcium supplementation. Calcium is vital for the health and growth of corals and plays a role maintaining the proper pH in marine systems. Calcium is present in a variety of natural sources such as live rock and aragonite substrate. As they dissolve they release the calcium in a biologically available form into seawater. For the reef aquarium this is not enough and supplements are needed for coral health.
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Calcium Supplements in the Reef Aquarium
Ralph Cabage
One of the most important aspects of proper reef care is calcium supplementation. Calcium is vital for the health and growth of corals and plays a role maintaining the proper pH in marine systems. Calcium is present in a variety of natural sources such as live rock and aragonite substrate. As they dissolve they release the calcium in a biologically available form into seawater. For the reef aquarium this is not enough and supplements are needed for coral health.
Calcium Supplementation & Alkalinity
Calcium supplementation poses a unique challenge due to a variety of chemical interactions that occur when introduced to saltwater. If calcium levels get too high (over 500ppm), there is a tendency for alkalinity to drop. This affects the buffering capacity of aquarium water and without adequate buffering, pH levels are susceptible to fluctuations. Conversely, if alkalinity gets too high, calcium levels tend to drop as calcium precipitates out of solution. A fine balance must be struck between the various aspects of saltwater to maintain ideal calcium levels.
Commercially available products help make calcium supplementation easier by taking out some of the guesswork. None of these are perfect and every aquarium is different and has different requirements. Monitor calcium levels at least every two weeks, preferably once a week, to maintain the ideal calcium level at 350-450ppm. While testing calcium levels, remember to test and monitor alkalinity as well, since calcium and alkalinity levels influence one another. One of the most common methods of calcium supplementation involves the use of Kalkwasser preparations, balanced liquid calcium supplements or through the use of calcium reactors.
Kalkwasser
German for "lime water," Kalkwasser is simply calcium hydroxide dissolved in water to create a highly concentrated solution. It is used to both supplement calcium and to maintain high pH levels in reef aquariums of all sizes. It is popular because it is, inexpensive and easy to use. However, due to its very high pH (12.00+), the prepared kalkwasser solution is best introduced slowly through a dosing system to prevent drastic increases in pH. Dosing systems vary.They utilize the same principle where the prepared kalkwasser solution is slowly dripped into the main aquarium or sump from a reservoir. Often, it is the top off water that tanks have from evaporation. Brightwell or BlueLife are the best.
Balanced Liquid Calcium Supplements
Balanced Liquid Calcium supplements take convenience to the next level. These supplements safely increase calcium levels without affecting alkalinity and vice versa. These two-part formulations are capable of maintaining both high calcium levels and alkalinity without causing negative reactions. If used per manufacturer's recommendations, there is little chance of overdosing or shocking the aquarium inhabitants. Liquid calcium supplements are extremely convenient and are ideal for smaller reef aquariums. Brightwell's Code Part A and Part B is one of the best and is recommended.
Calcium Reactors
Sophisticated devices such as calcium reactors help automate calcium supplementation in large or heavily stocked reef aquariums. These systems can be comprised of a CoraLife Calcium Reactor - up to 250 gallons, or Calcium Reactor-up to 500 gallons, CO2 delivery system and regulator by Milwaukee Stationary CO2 pH Solenoid Valve Kit, calcium media ARM by CaribSea Aragonite Reactor Media, and an optional pH Controller by Milwaukee Stationary pH Monitor and Controller. CO2 injected into the reactor chamber filled with the calcium media creates an acidic environment that slowly dissolves the media. The dissolved calcium is then mixed with saltwater and the resulting solution is slowly dripped into the main aquarium. Calcium reactors are very precise means of maintaining calcium levels within reef systems with high calcium demands.
Regardless of the method of supplementation, it is crucial to test calcium alkalinity and pH levels on a regular basis. Calcium supplementation is part of a dynamic process in which calcium requirements increase as coral colonies (both soft and stony), coralline algae, and other organisms that actively use calcium grow. Regular testing and monitoring provide you with insight regarding the rate which corals are utilizing calcium and allow you to maintain the ideal levels for a healthy thriving corals and invertebrates.
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